#Cite engauge digitizer skin

Three retrospective studies have compared treatment with radioembolization and sorafenib in this patient group ( 22, 23, 24), and two of these demonstrated favorable OS with radioembolization ( 22, 23). There is growing evidence to support the use of radioembolization, particularly in the treatment of HCC with PVTT ( 18, 19, 20, 21). The small microspheres deliver radiation with a short depth of penetration (approximately 2.5 mm), thereby effectively inducing tumor necrosis while sparing the surrounding normal liver parenchyma. 90Y-loaded microspheres are delivered to the blood vessels supplying the tumor via the hepatic artery, allowing localized high-dose radiation to be delivered to the hepatic tumors. Radioembolization with yttrium-90 ( 90Y), also referred to as selective internal radiation therapy, is a promising therapeutic option for primary and metastatic liver cancer ( 16, 17). Therefore, ongoing research aims to identify alternative treatments that may improve OS and maintain good compliance.

#Cite engauge digitizer skin

Sorafenib therapy is also associated with poor tolerability and discontinuation, and dose reduction is often required due to adverse events (AEs) such as diarrhea, fatigue, and hand-foot skin reaction ( 12, 13, 14, 15). However, studies of sorafenib for the treatment of HCC with PVTT have shown a median overall survival (OS) period of only 3.1–6.0 months ( 8, 9, 10, 11). Sorafenib is currently the only evidence-based therapeutic option for patients with HCC and PVTT, and is recommended by the BCLC, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, and European guidelines ( 2, 6, 7). Therefore, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guidelines classify HCC with PVTT as advanced-stage disease (BCLC stage C) ( 2). PVTT is a strong negative prognostic factor and is associated with a median survival of only 2–4 months if left untreated ( 3, 4, 5). Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is a major concern in patients with HCC, developing in > 30% of patients during the disease course and presenting as an initial manifestation in 10–40% of the patients ( 3). Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide ( 1), with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 90% of primary liver cancers ( 2).